There is no Medicare benefit for private hospital costs. However, other costs related to your care (surgeon, anaesthetist etc) are recovered under Medicare. The Federal Government sets a Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) for most services. The MBS fee is used to determine what Medicare will pay towards your treatment. Each procedure involved in your treatment will have an MBS ‘item number’ and there is normally a schedule fee set by Medicare for each ‘item number’. Your doctor will charge more than the schedule fee, and this is known as the out-of-pocket.